The most important law covering U.S. lasers is 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11. These cover laser products, and three uses of lasers (demonstrations, medical and surveying/alignment). The Food and Drug Administration's "Center for Devices and Radiological Health" issues regulations and reviews variances based on these laws. For more information, see the page at this website on U.S. regulatory agencies.

The International Laser Display Association has proposed a U.S. law that removes shortcomings in the "Securing Aircraft Cockpits Against Lasers" bill listed above, which was introduced into Congress in 2005, 2007and 2010. The full text of ILDA's proposed improvement is here.

Arizona Revised Statutes
Title 13 Criminal Code
Section 13-1213 Aiming a laser pointer at a peace officer; classification; definition

A. A person commits aiming a laser pointer at a peace officer if the person intentionally or knowingly directs the beam of light from an operating laser pointer at another person and the person knows or reasonably should know that the other person is a peace officer.

B. Aiming a laser pointer at a peace officer is a class 1 misdemeanor.

C. For the purposes of this section, "laser pointer" means any device that consists of a high or low powered visible light beam used for aiming, targeting or pointing out features.

California Penal Code Sections 247.5, 248, 417.25, 417.26 and 417.27.

Section 247.5
Any person who willfully and maliciously discharges a laser at an aircraft, whether in motion or in flight, while occupied, is guilty of a violation of this section, which shall be punishable as either a misdemeanor by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year or by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000), or a felony by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, two years, or three years, or by a fine of two thousand dollars ($2,000). This section does not apply to the conduct of laser development activity by or on behalf of the United States Armed Forces.
    As used in this section, "aircraft" means any contrivance intended for and capable of transporting persons through the airspace.
    As used in this section, "laser" means a device that utilizes the natural oscillations of atoms or molecules between energy levels for generating coherent electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared region of the spectrum, and when discharged exceeds one milliwatt continuous wave.

Section 248
Any person who, with the intent to interfere with the operation of an aircraft, willfully shines a light or other bright device, of an intensity capable of impairing the operation of an aircraft, at an aircraft, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.

Section 417.25
    (a) Every person who, except in self-defense, aims or points a laser scope, as defined in subdivision (b), or a laser pointer, as defined in subdivision (c), at another person in a threatening manner with the specific intent to cause a reasonable person fear of bodily harm is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for up to 30 days. For purposes of this section, the laser scope need not be attached to a firearm.

    (b) As used in this section, "laser scope" means a portable battery-powered device capable of being attached to a firearm and capable of projecting a laser light on objects at a distance.

    (c) As used in this section, "laser pointer" means any hand held laser beam device or demonstration laser product that emits a single point of light amplified by the stimulated emission of radiation that is visible to the human eye.

Section 417.26
    (a) Any person who aims or points a laser scope as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 417.25, or a laser pointer, as defined in subdivision (c) of that section, at a peace officer with the specific intent to cause the officer apprehension or fear of bodily harm and who knows or reasonably should know that the person at whom he or she is aiming or pointing is a peace officer, is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for a term not exceeding six months.

    (b) Any person who commits a second or subsequent violation of subdivision (a) shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year.

Section 417.27
    (a) No person, corporation, firm, or business entity of any kind shall knowingly sell a laser pointer to a person 17 years of age or younger, unless he or she is accompanied and supervised by a parent, legal guardian, or any other adult 18 years of age or older.

    (b) No student shall possess a laser pointer on any elementary or secondary school premises unless possession of a laser pointer on the elementary or secondary school premises is for a valid instructional or other school-related purpose, including employment.

    (c) No person shall direct the beam from a laser pointer directly or indirectly into the eye or eyes of another person or into a moving vehicle with the intent to harass or annoy the other person or the occupants of the moving vehicle.

    (d) No person shall direct the beam from a laser pointer directly or indirectly into the eye or eyes of a guide dog, signal dog, service dog, or dog being used by a peace officer with the intent to harass or annoy the animal.

    (e) A violation of subdivision (a), (b), (c), or (d) shall be an infraction that is punished by either a fine of fifty dollars ($50) or four hours of community service, and a second or subsequent violation of any of these subdivisions shall be an infraction that is punished by either a fine of one hundred dollars ($100) or eight hours of community service.

    (f) As used in this section, "laser pointer" has the same meaning as set forth in subdivision (c) of Section 417.25.

    (g) As used in this section, "guide dog," "signal dog," and "service dog," respectively, have the same meaning as set forth in subdivisions (d), (e), and (f) of Section 365.5.

See this link for Illinois law about lasers in general. In this section, there does not appear to be anything specifically addressing laser pointer misuse or aircraft illumination.

The village of Westchester, Illinois is a western suburb of Chicago, population 16,824 as of 2000. The village of Chicago Ridge has a similar ordinance, which can be found here.

Title 7 PUBLIC PEACE, SAFETY AND MORALS

Chapter 7.100 LASER POINTERS

7.100.010 Prohibited acts.
It is unlawful for any person less than eighteen years of age to have in his or her possession at any private or public place, except as provided herein, a laser pointer of the following type:
    (1) A helium neon (HeNe) laser which typically operates at a wavelength of 6.32.8 nMe with the mandated power limit of 5mW of power. Said lasers are considered Class 2 lasers with the potential for eye injury; and
    (2) A diode laser which typically operates at a wavelength of 670 nMe (although others are possible) with a power source providing 5mW. Said lasers are considered Class 3a lasers, with the potential for eye injury. (Ord. 99-1499 Art. I (part), 1999)

7.100.020 Transfer or sale to minor.
No person, firm or corporation shall sell to or provide a minor with a Class 2 or Class 3A laser pointer as described in this chapter unless the minor is accompanied by a parent or legal guardian at the time of purchase and transfer. No minor shall, at the time of purchase of such laser pointer, furnish fraudulent evidence of majority. No minor shall, except while accompanied by a parent or legal guardian, possess a Class 2 or Class 3a laser pointer as described in this chapter on any public property or any private property and with the express permission of the lawful owner or manager of the private property. Also provided, however, that the possession by a person under the age of eighteen years, under the direct supervision of the parent or guardian of such person in the privacy of the parent’s or guardian’s home, shall not be prohibited. (Ord. 99-1499 Art. I (part), 1999)

7.100.030 Violation--Penalty.
Any person found guilty of an offense of this chapter shall be subject to a fine of not less than one hundred dollars or more than seven hundred fifty dollars including, but not limited to, confiscation and destruction of said laser pointer and/or any other penalties set forth by state law. (Ord. 03-1606 § 2 (part), 2003; Ord. 99-1499 Art. I (part), 1999)

7.100.040 Liability of parent or legal guardian.
The parent or legal guardian of an unemancipated minor defendant who resides with such parent or legal guardian shall be subject to those liabilities as enumerated in Section 7.100.030. (Ord. 99-1499 Art. I (part), 1999)

This one seems rather broad; up to six months for aiming a laser at another person without their consent.

Ordinances City of Baton Rouge, Louisiana and East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana

Sec. 13:502. Use of laser pointers.
(a) It shall be unlawful to aim a laser pointer beam or light at another person without that person's consent.
(b) All laser pointers which are used in violation of this ordinance shall be confiscated. Upon conviction, the violator shall be fined up to five hundred ($500.00) dollars, or be imprisoned for up to six (6) months, or both.

This 1998 ordinance gained national attention, as described here in a speech by the then-mayor. The speech also describes the incidents that led to this ordinance.

Ordinance No. 98-749
An ordinance to amend the Offenses Chapter (Chapter 14) of the code of the city of Dearborn by adding a new section 14-272, entitled, "Possession/Use of Laser Pointing Device"

M-272 Possession/Use of laser pointing device
(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to focus, point or shine a laser beam directly or indirectly on another person or animal in such a manner as to harass, annoy, or injure said person or animal.
(b) It shall be unlawful for any person under the age of eighteen years to possess a laser pointing device. A person shall not be in violation of this section if his possession of a laser emitting device is necessary for his employment, trade or occupation and it is necessary for the pointer to be carried on his person.

New York City Administrative Code Section 10-134.2 Regulation of laser pointers

a. Definitions. For purposes of this section:
    (1) "Laser pointer" means any device that emits light amplified by the stimulated emission of radiation that is visible to the human eye.
    (2) "Person" means any natural person, corporation, partnership, firm, organization or other legal entity.
    (3) "Public place" means a place to which the public or a substantial group of persons has access, and includes, but is not limited to, any street, highway, parking lot, plaza, transportation facility, place of amusement, park, playground, and any hallway, lobby and other portion of an apartment house or hotel not constituting a room or apartment designed for actual residence.
    (4) "School premises" means the buildings, grounds or facilities, or any portion thereof, owned, occupied by, or under the custody or control
of public or private institutions for the primary purpose of providing educational or recreational instruction to students, and any vehicles
owned, operated or leased by or on behalf of such institutions that are used to transport such students or the personnel of such institutions.

b. It shall be unlawful for any person to give, sell or offer to sell or cause any person to give, sell or offer to sell a laser pointer to any individual eighteen years of age or younger.

c. No person who sells or offers for sale laser pointers shall place such laser pointers on open display so that such laser pointers are accessible to the public without the assistance of such seller, or his or her employee or other agent, offering such laser pointers for sale, unless:
    (1) such laser pointers on open display are clearly and fully visible from a place of payment for goods or services or customer information at which such seller or an employee or other agent of such seller is usually present during hours when the public is invited or
    (2) such laser pointers are in a package, box or other container provided by the manufacturer, importer or packager that is larger than forty-one square inches. Further, it shall be unlawful to display laser pointers in any manner or to post a sign advertising the availability of laser pointers unless a notice has been posted, in a form and manner prescribed by rule of the department of consumer affairs, indicating that the sale or giving of laser pointers to persons eighteen years of age or younger is a misdemeanor.

d. It shall be unlawful for any person twenty years of age or younger to possess a laser pointer on school premises, unlawful for any person eighteen years of age or younger to possess a laser pointer while in a public place and unlawful for any person to direct light emitted from a laser pointer into or through a public place; provided, however, that nothing in this section shall preclude:
    (1) the temporary transfer on school premises of a laser pointer to, or possession on school premises of a laser pointer by, a person twenty years of age or younger for a valid instructional, school-related or employment purpose, where such laser pointer is used under the supervision of a school staff person, other authorized instructor, employer or employer's agent; or
    (2) the temporary transfer in a public place of a laser pointer to, or possession in a public place of a laser pointer by, a person eighteen years of age or younger, during such person's hours of employment, for a valid employment purpose, where such laser pointer is used under the supervision of the employer or employer's agent; or
    (3) the direction of light from a laser pointer into or through a public place by a person nineteen years of age or older, during such person's hours of employment, for a valid employment purpose.

e. It shall be unlawful for any person to direct light from a laser pointer at a uniformed police officer, uniformed security guard, uniformed school safety officer, uniformed traffic enforcement agent, uniformed member of a paid or volunteer fire department, uniformed emergency medical service worker or uniformed ambulance worker, or other uniformed city, state or federal peace officer, investigator or emergency service worker, or the marked service vehicle of any such individual.

f. When a person is found to possess a laser pointer while in a public place or on school premises in violation of subdivision d of this section, it is an affirmative defense that:
    (1) such person was traveling to or from school premises, where the laser pointer would have been or was used for a valid instructional, school-related or employment purpose under the supervision of a school staff person, other authorized instructor, employer or employer's agent, and such person had not turned on the laser pointer or displayed it in a menacing or threatening manner; or
    (2) such person was traveling to or from his or her place of employment, where the laser pointer would have been or was used during such person's hours of employment, for a valid employment purpose, under the supervision of the employer of employer's agent, and such person had not turned on the laser pointer or displayed it in a menacing or threatening manner.

g. Authorized agents and employees of the department of consumer affairs, and of any other agency designated by the mayor, shall have the authority to enforce the provisions of subdivisions b and c of this section. A proceeding to recover any civil penalty pursuant to this section shall be commenced by the service of a notice of hearing that shall be returnable to the administrative tribunal of the department of consumer affairs. The administrative tribunal of the department shall have the power to impose civil penalties for a violation of subdivision b or c of this section as follows: not more than three hundred dollars for the first violation; not more than five hundred dollars for the section violation by the same person within a two-year period; and not more than one thousand dollars for the third and all subsequent violations by the same person within a two-year period. For purposes of determining whether a violation of subdivision b or subdivision c of this section should be adjudicated as a second, third or subsequent violation, violations of subdivision b and violations of subdivision c of this section by the same person within a two-year period shall be aggregated.

h. Any person who violates subdivision b, c or e of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Any person who violates subdivision d of this section shall be guilty of a violation for a first offense and a misdemeanor for all subsequent offenses.

This law was apparently signed by Tennessee's governor on June 9, 2009.

STATE OF TENNESSEE PUBLIC CHAPTER NO. 387
HOUSE BILL NO. 815 By Representatives Campfield, Evans, Hardaway, Rich
Substituted for: Senate Bill No. 1243 By Senator Bunch

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 39-16-515, relative to emergency service personnel.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:

SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 39-16-515, is amended by deleting subsection (a) in its entirety and by substituting instead the following:
(a) It is an offense for a person to knowingly activate and point a laser pointer or other device utilizing a laser beam at an individual known to be a law enforcement officer, firefighter, emergency medical technician, or other emergency service personnel, while the individual is in the performance of the individual’s official duties, with the intent to place such individual in fear of serious bodily injury or death.
SECTION 2. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 39-16-515(b)(1), is amended by deleting the language “The law enforcement officer”, and by substituting instead the language “The law enforcement officer, firefighter, emergency medical technician, or other emergency service personnel”.
SECTION 3. This act shall take effect July 1, 2009, the public welfare requiring it.
PASSED: May 28, 2009

Utah Code
Title 76 Utah Criminal Code
Chapter 10 Offenses Against Public Health, Safety, Welfare, and Morals
Section 2501 Unlawful use of a laser pointer -- Definitions -- Penalties.

76-10-2501. Unlawful use of a laser pointer -- Definitions -- Penalties.

    (1) As used in this section:
        (a) "Laser light" means light that is amplified by stimulated emission of radiation.
        (b) "Laser pointer" means any portable device that emits a visible beam of laser light that may be directed at a person.
        (c) "Law enforcement officer" means an officer under Section 53-13-103.

    (2) A person is guilty of unlawful use of a laser pointer if the person directs a beam of laser light from a laser pointer at:
        (a) a moving motor vehicle or its occupants; or
        (b) one whom the person knows or has reason to know is a law enforcement officer.

    (3) It is an affirmative defense to a charge under Subsection (2)(b) that:
        (a) the law enforcement officer was:
            (i) not in uniform;
            (ii) not traveling in a vehicle identified as a law enforcement vehicle; and
            (iii) not otherwise engaged in an activity that would give the person reason to know him to be a law enforcement officer; and
        (b) the law enforcement officer was not otherwise known by the person to be a law enforcement officer.

    (4) Violation of Subsection (2)(a) is an infraction. Violation of Subsection (2)(b) is a class C misdemeanor.

    (5) If the violation of this section constitutes an offense subject to a greater penalty under another provision of Title 76, Utah Criminal Code, than is provided under this section, this section does not prohibit the prosecution and sentencing for the offense subject to a greater penalty.

Enacted by Chapter 67, 2001 General Session